The geographical dimension of open innovation consists of (geographical) proximity, economic growth, and inter-organizational networks. On one hand, clusters are characterized by spatial affordances and non-random co-location of economic activity—especially innovation. On the other hand, digital and traditional entrepreneurial ecosystems may benefit from both spatial and digital affordances.
Firms embedded in a particular geographical location may experience advantages not only due to geographical proximity but also because of knowledge flows between the key actors forming relationships around shared technology and interests. This is where open innovation can play an important role in further development and growth while improving policy support, entrepreneur-to-entrepreneur knowledge exchange, and ecosystem orchestration. Therefore, this chapter explores open innovation in regional clusters and entrepreneurial ecosystems.
